1. Name Of The Medicinal Product
Differin Gel 0.1% w/w
2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition
Adapalene 0.1% w/w
For excipients, see 6.1
3. Pharmaceutical Form
Topical Gel
A smooth white gel
4. Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic Indications
Differin Gel is proposed for the cutaneous treatment of mild to moderate acne where comedones, papules and pustules predominate. Acne of the face, chest or back is appropriate for treatment.
4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration
Differin Gel should be applied to the acne affected areas once a day before retiring and after washing. A thin film of gel should be applied, with the fingertips, avoiding the eyes and lips (see 4.4 Special Warnings and Special Precautions for Use, below). Ensure that the affected areas are dry before application.
Since it is customary to alternate therapies in the treatment of acne, it is recommended that the physician assess the continued improvement of the patient after three months of treatment with Differin Gel.
With patients for whom it is necessary to reduce the frequency of application or to temporarily discontinue treatment, frequency of application may be restored or therapy resumed once it is judged that the patient can again tolerate the treatment.
If patients use cosmetics, these should be non-comedogenic and non-astringent.
The safety and effectiveness of Differin Gel have not been studied in children below 12 years of age. Differin gel should not be used in patients with severe acne.
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any ingredient of the product.
4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use
If a reaction suggesting sensitivity or severe irritation occurs, use of the medication should be discontinued. If the degree of local irritation warrants, patients should be directed to use the medication less frequently, to discontinue use temporarily, or to discontinue use altogether. Differin Gel should not come into contact with the eyes, mouth, nostrils or mucous membranes.
If product enters the eye, wash immediately with warm water. The product should not be applied to either broken (cut and abrasions) or eczematous skin, nor should it be used in patients with severe acne involving large areas of the body.
The excipient propylene glycol (E1520) may cause skin irritation and methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218) may cause allergic reactions which can possibly be delayed.
4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction
There are no known interactions with other medications which might be used cutaneously and concurrently with Differin Gel, however, other retinoids or drugs with a similar mode of action should not be used concurrently with adapalene.
Adapalene is essentially stable to oxygen and light and is chemically non-reactive. Whilst extensive studies in animals and man have shown neither phototoxic nor photoallergic potential for adapalene, the safety of using adapalene during repeated exposure to sunlight or UV irradiation has not been established in either animals or man. Exposure to excessive sunlight or UV irradiation should be avoided.
Absorption of adapalene through human skin is low (see 5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties) and therefore interaction with systemic medications is unlikely. There is no evidence that the efficacy of oral drugs such as contraceptives and antibiotics is influenced by the cutaneous use of Differin Gel.
Differin Gel has a potential for mild local irritation, and therefore it is possible that concomitant use of peeling agents, abrasive cleansers, strong drying agents, astringents or irritant products (aromatic and alcoholic agents) may produce additive irritant effects. However, cutaneous antiacne treatment (eg erythromycin up to 4%) or clindamycin phosphate (1% as the base) solutions or benzoyl peroxide water based gels up to 10% may be used in the morning when Differin Gel is used at night as there is no mutual degradation or cumulative irritation.
4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation
Pregnancy:
Animal studies by the oral route have shown reproductive toxicity at high systemic exposure (see section 5.3). Clinical experience with locally applied adapalene in pregnancy is limited but the few available data do not indicate harmful effects on pregnancy or on the health of the foetus exposed in early pregnancy. Due to the limited available data and because a very weak cutaneous passage of adapalene is possible, Differin should not be used during pregnancy. In case of unexpected pregnancy, treatment should be discontinued.
Lactation:
No study on animal or human milk transfer was conducted after cutaneous application of Differin. No effects on the suckling child are anticipated since the systemic exposure of the breast-feeding woman to Differin is negligible.
Differin can be used during breastfeeding. To avoid contact exposure of the infant, application of Differin to the chest should be avoided when used during breast-feeding.
4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines
Based upon the pharmodynamic profile and clinical experience, performance related to driving and using machines should not be affected.
4.8 Undesirable Effects
Differin may cause the following adverse drug reactions:
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*Post marketing surveillance data
4.9 Overdose
Differin Gel is not to be taken orally and is for cutaneous use only. If the medication is applied excessively, no more rapid or better results will be obtained and marked redness, peeling or discomfort may occur.
The acute oral dose of Differin Gel required to produce toxic effects in mice is greater that 10 mg/kg. Nevertheless, unless the amount accidentally ingested is small, an appropriate method of gastric emptying should be considered.
5. Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties
Adapalene is a retinoid-like compound which in, in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Adapalene is essentially stable to oxygen and light and is chemically non-reactive. Mechanically, adapalene binds like tretinoin to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors but, unlike tretinoin not to cytosolic receptor binding proteins.
Adapalene applied cutaneously is comedolytic in the rhino mouse model and also has effects on the abnormal processes of epidermal keratinization and differentiation, both of which are present in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The mode of action of adapalene is suggested to be a normalisation of differentiation of follicular epithelial cells resulting in decreased microcomedone formation.
Adapalene is superior to reference retinoids in standard anti-inflammatory assays, both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, it inhibits chemotactic and chemokinetic responses of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and also the metabolism by lipoxidation of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory mediators. This profile suggests that the cell mediated inflammatory component of acne may be modified by adapalene.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties
Absorption of adapalene through human skin is low, in clinical trial measurable plasma adapalene levels where not found following chronic cutaneous application to large areas of acneic skin with an analytical sensitivity of 0.15 ng/ml.
After administration of [ 14C] adapalene in rats (IV, IP, oral and cutaneous), rabbits (IV, oral and cutaneous) and dogs (IV and oral), radioactivity was distributed in several tissues, the highest levels being found in liver, spleen, adrenals and ovaries. Metabolism in animals has been tentatively identified as being mainly by O-demethylation, hydroxylation and conjugation, and excretion is primarily by the biliary route.
5.3 Preclinical Safety Data
In animal studies, adapalene was well tolerated on cutaneous application for periods of up to six months in rabbits and for up to two years in mice. The major symptom of toxicity found in all animal species by the oral route were related to a hypervitaminosis A syndrome, and included bone dissolution, elevated alkaline phosphatase and a slight anaemia. Large oral doses of adapalene produced no adverse neurological, caridovascular or respiratory effects in animals. Adapalene is not mutagenic. Lifetime studies with adapalene have been completed in mice at cutaneous doses of 0.6,2 and 6 mg/kg/day and in rats at oral doses of 0.15, 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg/day. The only significant finding was a statistically significant increase of benign phaeochromocytomas of the adrenal medulla among male rats receiving adapalene at 1.5 mg/kg/day. These changes are unlikely to be of relevance to the cutaneous use of adapalene.
Adapalene produces teratogenic effects by the oral route in rats and rabbits. At cutaneous doses up to 200-fold the therapeutic dose, producing circulating plasma levels of adapalene at least 35 to 120 times higher than plasma levels demonstrated in therapeutic use, adapalene increased the incidence of additional ribs in rats and rabbits, without increasing the incidence of major malformations.
It is not known whether adapalene is secreted in animal or human milk. In animal studies, infant rats suckled by mother with circukating levels of adapalene at least 300 times those demonstrated in clinical use developed normally.
6. Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List Of Excipients
Carbomer 940
Propylene Glycol (E1520)
Poloxamer 182
Disodium Edetate
Methyl Parahydroxybenzoate (E218)
Phenoxyethanol
Sodium Hydroxide
Purified Water
6.2 Incompatibilities
None Known
6.3 Shelf Life
The shelf life expiry date for this product shall not exceed three years from the date of its manufacture.
6.4 Special Precautions For Storage
Do not store above 25ºC.
Do not freeze.
Keep out of the reach and sight of children
6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container
White LDPE tube with white PP screw cap. Pack size 30g, 45g & 50g
6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling
A thin film of the gel should be applied, avoiding eyes, lips and mucous membranes
7. Marketing Authorisation Holder
Galderma (UK) Limited
Meridien House
69-71 Clarendon Road
Watford
Herts.
WD17 1DS
UK
8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)
PL 10590/0015
9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation
4th October 1995
10. Date Of Revision Of The Text
May 2009
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